Chemy

I hate it..............

2009-04-28T10:11:00.000-07:00

I hate my U!!!!!!!!!!very2 much....y????they put the exam at the very2 short period..i'll finish on 23/4/09(thursday) then after that i've presentation on friday what the hell.!!!!!yah i'll finish early...but you know just after that i have an internship at FPG oleochemical on 27/4/09...look at the gap i have...it's just very2 little for me to take a fresh breath...i need to go back to Terengganu 1st on saturday, and will arrive at the night of the day...then on sunday morning i'll turn back to kuantan and find rented house for me to stay for 10 weeks during my internship...Because of that i lost the beautiful moment with "HER"..........Because of that i and her now got the big VERY2 Big Problem......I hate my "U" so much!!!!!!!!!!! Fuck "U"!!!!!!!!me alone here at FPG, with such a big problem with "HER", now feel just want to skip the internship and meet "HER" and pass The Black ROXY to HER....What is The Black ROXY???The Black ROXY is a handbag with the brand of ROXY....but for me it's not just a handbag........what it is actually???The Black ROXY for me is the present which come from my heart to give to "HER" because i love "HER" so much and it's also the greatest whishes from "HER" untill now....i feel like dying now...where i'm now????i hope the problem of me and "HER" will settle soon...i want to give to "HER" The Black ROXY.........but not as a friend......i don't want to break this.....please forgive me....i see now...the problem is come from me....but the big thing I hate My "U".....sorry my beautiful LOVER............I Love You so much.....

Take Note: Doodling Can Help Memory

2009-02-27T23:12:00.001-08:00

FRIDAY, Feb. 27 (HealthDay News) -- You might look like you're not paying attention when you doodle, but science says otherwise.

Researchers in the United Kingdom found that test subjects who doodled while listening to a recorded message had a 29 percent better recall of the message's details than those who didn't doodle. The findings were published in Applied Cognitive Psychology.

"If someone is doing a boring task, like listening to a dull telephone conversation, they may start to daydream," study researcher Professor Jackie Andrade, of the School of Psychology at the University of Plymouth, said in a news release issued by the journal's publisher. "Daydreaming distracts them from the task, resulting in poorer performance. A simple task, like doodling, may be sufficient to stop daydreaming without affecting performance on the main task."

For the experiment, a two-and-a-half minute listing of several people's names and places was played for test subjects, who were charged with writing down only the names of the people said to be attending a party. During the recording, half the participants were asked to simultaneously shade in shapes on a piece of paper without attention to neatness. Participants were not told they were taking part in a memory test.

When the recording ended, all were asked for the eight names of those attending the party as well as eight place names mentioned in the audio. Those asked to doodle wrote down, on average, 7.5 names and places, while those who didn't doodle listed only 5.8.

"In psychology, tests of memory or attention will often use a second task to selectively block a particular mental process," Andrade said. "If that process is important for the main cognitive task, then performance will be impaired. My research shows that beneficial effects of secondary tasks, such as doodling, on concentration may offset the effects of selective blockade."

In everyday life, Andrade said, doodling "may be something we do because it helps to keep us on track with a boring task, rather than being an unnecessary distraction that we should try to resist doing."

More information

The AARP has more about memory.

Turnkey Biodiesel Rifineries (Part 3)

2009-02-23T17:22:00.000-08:00

Step 7: Quality and BQ-9000 Considerations

SRS for 25 years has built its success on quality and this is evident in our biodiesel refineries. Our turnkey biodiesel solutions are engineered from the ground up with BQ-9000 in mind. Customers seeking BQ-9000 certification will be glad to find that our equipment, process control technology, and extensive documentation all contribute to you achieving BQ-9000 certification. We already guarantee ASTM compliant biodiesel, and SRS can provide step by step training for all plant staff, along with operating procedures and work instructions that can help your organization attain BQ-9000 certification

Step 8: Plant Startup and Training

SRS is committed to a successful plant startup and operation. To achieve this, extensive resources are leveraged to ensure your plant is operational and your staff is properly trained following installation. First our engineers test and validate that every aspect of your biodiesel refinery is working as designed. Then our staff trains your team in every aspect of plant operation including startup, shutdown, safety, and troubleshooting. Only after your team is properly trained do we turn over operation to your staff. After installation and training SRS can remote connect to your control system and provide additional support if needed – we see what you see so we are never more than a phone call away from supporting your every need.

Step 9: Plant Management

SRS also offers a comprehensive set of plant management services including onsite staffing and support should you need additional services after installation and training. Don’t let lack of availability of qualified local staff hold up your project – SRS can provide short and long term placement of qualified staff from plant managers, lab technicians, and a wide range of engineering support. We can customize a solution that fits your needs.

Step 10: Planning for the Future

At SRS we understand that even small plants think big and change is a way of life. That is why we take current and future plans into consideration as we design your biodiesel refinery.Not only is SRS’s technology expandable in size, we also enable you to expand your ability to process new and emerging feedstocks. Whether you have a killer opportunity to acquire a high-FFA feedstock, or are dealing with water, solids, or other special needs, offers a wide range of pretreatment capabilities to address nearly any feedstock opportunity you may have.

Turnkey Biodiesel Rifineries (Part 2)

2009-02-20T21:47:00.000-08:00

Step 3: Permitting

SRS can provide customers with the support needed to expedite the permitting process in your area. SRS provides you complete sets of engineering drawings, mass energy balance data to streamline air permitting, and a wide range of support material that will accelerate your permit process. Click here to read more about permitting.

Step 4: Biodiesel Plant Engineering

SRS' multi-disciplinary engineering staff includes Electrical, Mechanical, Process, Chemical, Application, Civil, Project, Structural, and Control engineers. Our expertise enables us to turn our customer vision into a successful turnkey biodiesel refinery.

SRS Engineering provides a huge advantage over other equipment providers:

Size – With over 40 engineers on staff, SRS has the ability to customize a solution to meet your project-specific requirements – there is no one size fits all with SRS.
Experience – Over 25 years experience in fractional distillation, process control, and factory automation are leveraged in every biodiesel component we make. We are not one of the many biodiesel startups struggling to make one “box” the solution for every customer’s need.
One Stop Shop - As an Engineering Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM), there are no middle men, no markups, no passing the buck. The people you meet at SRS are the ones that build your system, deliver your system, and support your system. This is why we guarantee in writing the performance of everything we make.

Step 5: Determining Your Biodiesel Equipment Needs

Because one size does not fit all, SRS application specialists and engineers meet with you to determine what equipment you need to achieve your business plan. Whether it’s high-FFA pretreatment, high-purity methanol recovery, or a complete turnkey system, SRS analyses all aspects of your requirements to ensure the equipment you select will perform in your environment.

Step 6: Plant Installation

When it’s time to actually install and commission your plant, the bulk of the work is already done. Because of the detailed engineering phase that SRS has already completed for your project, your equipment has already been built to exacting specifications for your facility. Delivered as skid-mounted components with single-point connections for utilities and feeds, actual installation times are measured in days not weeks or months.

SRS offers a wide range of installation packages which can be turnkey in nature and would include essentially everything required for a complete operating plant except the land and public utilities. SRS can provide the following:

Tank farm specification/installation. SRS can provide support engineering to ensure the tanks are designed correctly and meet the codes for the application. In many cases it will save the customer money to acquire bulk components locally such as the tank farm, providing for sourcing local manufacturers (in cooperation with SRS) and save on both shipping and fabrication costs.
Onsite Engineering Support. Additionally SRS can provide onsite engineers to supervise local staff in preparing your facility for installation of the biodiesel equipment.

Turnkey Biodiesel Rifineries (Part 1)

2009-02-20T21:07:00.000-08:00

Biodiesel Refinery: 10 Steps to Success

SRS Engineering understands the steps required to build and maintain a biodiesel plant. From site selection and permitting to producing the ASTM Grade B100, SRS has the capability and the facilities to complete every aspect of your biodiesel plant construction.

Step 1: Plant Size Determination
Step 2: Selecting an Appropriate Site
Step 3: Permitting
Step 4: Biodiesel Plant Engineering
Step 5: Determining Your Biodiesel Equipment Needs
Step 6: Plant Installation
Step 7: Quality and BQ-9000 Considerations
Step 8: Plant Start Up and Training
Step 9: Plant Management
Step 10: Planning for the Future

Step 1: Plant Size Determination

While we often dream of immense, sprawling biodiesel refineries, there are a number of practical considerations that can guide you toward selecting the “right” size biodiesel production facility, including:

Budget – how much of a budget do you have to work with? SRS can help design to cost to ensure the maximum value for your biodiesel investment.
Available land – how much land is available in your area?Because SRS is an engineering company, adjustments can be made to accommodate irregular tracts of land and other facility constraints to ensure maximum land utility.
Feedstock availability – where is your feedstock coming from and what modes of transportation are available? SRS can assist with logistics planning for optimizing both feedstock intake and off take of your finished product.
Demographics – selecting a site that is close to feedstock sources, customers, and transportation corridors will enhance your overall project’s success.
Government incentives – There may be grants or low-cost financing available from State or Federal agencies that my enable to you expand your plans further than you thought possible.

Step 2: Selecting an Appropriate Site

Appropriate site selection is a critical success factor for any biodiesel project. Among the many considerations for determining where to place your biodiesel plant are:

Plant size – If you are planning a large biodiesel operation, you will need sufficient land for your biodiesel equipment, your tank farm, and intake and off take traffic.
Distance from my feedstock supplier(s)? How far must I or my suppliers travel to get feedstock to my facility? Locating your plant near feedstock suppliers can reduce transportation costs and increase your bottom line.
Distance from my customers – Locating your plant near your customers will again minimize transportation costs for your finished biodiesel.
Available Utilities – Availability of natural gas, electricity, sewage, etc. are critical to your plant’s operation. Natural gas is the cheapest source of energy for operating steam boilers and or hot oil systems used for the plants heating requirements.Other important considerations – Key success factors for choosing an ideal plant location include proximity to major trucking, rail, and shipping channels. Depending on the size of your operation, significant savings can be achieved by utilizing bulk supply channels. Cost per gallon for rail is less than half that of trucking, for example. Barge and tanker costs are even lower, so transporting feedstock and/or finished biodiesel by the largest method possible can result in significant savings in transportation costs.

Glycerin Purification

2009-02-20T20:57:00.000-08:00

What is Glycerin?

Glycerin (Glycerol) is a clear, odorless, viscous liquid with a naturally sweet taste. It is derived from both natural and petrochemical feedstocks. Glycerin occurs in combined form (triglycerides) in animal fats and vegetable oils and is obtained from these fats and oils during transesterification, such as in biodiesel production.

Glycerin currently has over 1500 known uses in many different industries ranging from consumer products to food and cosmetics. It continues to be one of the most versatile and valuable byproducts created during biodiesel production.

Glycerin in Biodiesel

Glycerin naturally occurs during the biodiesel production process and is specifically produced in the transesterification process. The glycerin produced at this stage is crude glycerin and is about 80% pure still containing contaminants like soap, methanol and water. In order to turn this crude glycerin into a usable state for existing or emerging uses, a purification process must take place. During this refinement process residual organic matter, water, salt, methanol, and odors are removed.

There are many different types of glycerin grades ranging from crude glycerin to refined glycerin (pharmaceutical grade).

Glycerin Purification

The increase in biodiesel production over the past ten years has resulted in substantial increases in glycerin production throughout the world. Because of the large supply of crude glycerin in particular, biodiesel production facilities are looking for alternative ways to purify this glycerin to maximize their profits.

SRS Engineering Corporation has designed a high-purity glycerin purification system (The SRXG-Series distillation column) giving biodiesel plants the ability to create additional profits through purification of their crude glycerin.Glycerin’s value is based on its purity range so the purer the glycerin, the higher the market value.SRS Engineering’s SRXC-Series can produce high-purity glycerin in high yield, while maximizing energy efficiency. The system can take crude glycerin with an approximate purity rating of 80% to a technical grade glycerin of >97%.

Glycerol

2009-02-20T20:28:00.000-08:00

Glycerol, also well known as glycerin and glycerine, and less commonly as propane-1,2,3-triol, 1,2,3-propanetriol, 1,2,3-trihydroxypropane, glyceritol, and glycyl alcohol is a colorless, odorless, hygroscopic, and sweet-tasting viscous liquid. Glycerol is a sugar alcohol and has three hydrophilic alcoholic hydroxyl groups (OH-) that are responsible for its solubility in water. Glycerol is prochiral.

Glycerol is produced from dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) by the enzyme glycerol three-phosphate dehydrogenase (Gpd p) in the cytoplasm of the eukaryotic cell during glycolysis.[1]

When referring to its function in living organisms, the term glycerol is preferred. Glycerol is an important component of triglycerides (i.e. fats and oils) and of phospholipids. Glycerol is a three-carbon substance that forms the backbone of fatty acids in fats.(1) When the body uses stored fat as a source of energy, glycerol and fatty acids are released into the bloodstream. The glycerol component can be converted to glucose by the liver and provides energy for cellular metabolism.

TEVEZ: WE'RE SIMPLY THE BEST

2009-02-20T09:01:00.000-08:00

TEVEZ: WE'RE SIMPLY THE BEST

Victory against Fulham on Wednesday took the Reds five points clear in the league. And with a Carling Cup final, FA Cup sixth round clash and Champions League ties with Inter Milan looming, confidence is sky-high in the United camp.

“We have the best team in the world at the moment,” says Carlos Tevez. “One of the reasons for that is the options available to Sir Alex Ferguson. We have players who can come in at any moment and make a difference. That’s the reason we’re still fighting on all four fronts.”

Despite United’s strength in depth, it’s not all been plain sailing. The Reds have had to battle hard for results, with nine league games ending in 1-0 victories this season. It’s going to be tough again on Saturday against Sam Allardyce’s Blackburn Rovers, who are fighting to retain their Premier League status.

“There are no easy games,” Tevez admits. “Every game is difficult and every player who turns out against United gives their all against the best team in the world. It’s their chance to shine and to prove themselves.”

Sir Alex's men may not have been banging in the goals recently, but one is enough so long as you don’t concede. And United haven’t let in a league goal for almost 22 hours, a run that's comprised 14 consecutive clean sheets. “Our defence is amazing,” Carlos adds. “It’s the safest defence in the world but it’s down to everyone in the team. The midfielders and the forwards all battle to win the ball back.”

Make Biodiesel - Instructions for Making Biodiesel from Vegetable Oil

2009-02-19T14:12:00.000-08:00

Biodiesel is a diesel fuel that is made by reacting vegetable oil (cooking oil) with other common chemicals. Biodiesel may be used in any diesel automotive engine in its pure form or blended with petroleum-based diesel. No modifications are required, and the result is a less-expensive, renewable, clean-burning fuel. Here's how to make biodiesel from fresh oil. You can also make biodiesel from waste cooking oil, but that is a little more involved, so let's start with the basics.

Materials for Making Biodiesel
1 liter of new vegetable oil (e.g, canola oil, corn oil, soybean oil)
3.5 grams (0.12 oz.) sodium hydroxide (also known as lye). Sodium hydroxide is used for some drain cleaners, such as Red Devil™ drain cleaner. The label should state that the product contains sodium hydroxide (not calcium hypochlorite, which is found in many other drain cleaners)
200 milliliters (6.8 fl. oz.) of methanol (methyl alcohol). Heet™ fuel treatment is methanol. Be sure the label says the product contains methanol (Isoheet™, for example, contains isopropyl alcohol and won't work).
blender with a low speed option. The pitcher for the blender is to be used only for making biodiesel. You want to use one made from glass, not plastic, since the methanol you will use can react with plastic.
digital scale [to accurately measure 3.5 grams (0.12 oz.)]
glass container marked for 200 milliliters (6.8 fl. oz.). If you don't have a beaker, measure the volume using a measuring cup, pour it into a glass jar, then mark the fill-line on the outside of the jar.
glass or plastic container that is marked for 1 liter (1.1 quart)
wide mouth glass or plastic container that will hold at least 1.5 liters (2-quart pitcher works well)
safety glasses, gloves, and probably an apron. You do not want to get sodium hydroxide or methanol on your skin, nor do you want to breathe the vapors from either chemical. Both chemicals are toxic. Please read the warning labels on the containers for these products! Methanol is readily absorbed through your skin, so do not get it on your hands. Sodium hydroxide is caustic and will give you a chemical burn. Prepare your biodiesel in a well-ventilated area. If you spill either chemical on your skin, rinse it off immediately with water.
Let's Make Biodiesel!
You want to prepare the biodiesel in a room-temperature (70° F) or warmer room since the chemical reaction will not proceed to completion if the temperature is too low.
If you haven't already, label all your containers as 'Toxic - Only Use for Making Biodiesel', since you don't want anyone drinking your supplies and you don't want to use the glassware for food again.
Pour 200 ml methanol (Heet) into the glass blender pitcher.
Turn the blender on its lowest setting and slowly add 3.5 g sodium hydroxide (lye). This reaction produces sodium methoxide, which must be used right away or else it loses its effectiveness. (Like sodium hydroxide, it can be stored away from air/moisture, but that might not be practical for a home setup.)
Mix the methanol and sodium hydroxide until the sodium hydroxide has completely dissolved (about 2 minutes), then add 1 liter of vegetable oil to this mixture.
Continue blending this mixture (on low speed) for 20-30 minutes.
Pour the mixture into a wide-mouth jar. You will see the liquid start to separate out into layers. The bottom layer will be glycerin. The top layer is the biodiesel.
Allow at least a couple of hours for the mixture to fully separate. You want to keep the top layer as your biodiesel fuel. If you like, you can keep the glycerin for other projects. You can either carefully pour off the biodiesel or use a pump or baster to pull the biodiesel off of the glycerin.
Using Biodiesel
Normally you can use pure biodiesel or a mixture of biodiesel and petroleum diesel as a fuel in any unmodified diesel engine. There are two situations in which you definitely should mix biodiesel with petroleum-based diesel.

If you are going to be running the engine at a temperature lower than 55° F (13° C), you should mix biodiesel with petroleum diesel. A 50:50 mixture will work for cold weather. Pure biodiesel will thicken and cloud at 55° F, which could clog your fuel line and stop your engine. Pure petroleum diesel, in contrast, has a cloud point of -10° F (-24° C). The colder your conditions, the higher percentage of petroleum diesel you will want to use. Above 55° F you can use pure biodiesel without any problem. Both types of diesel return to normal as soon as the temperature warms above their cloud point.
You will want to use a mixture of 20% biodiesel with 80% petroleum diesel (called B20) if your engine has natural rubber seals or hoses. Pure biodiesel can degrade natural rubber, though B20 tends not to cause problems. If you have an older engine (which is where natural rubber parts are found), you could replace the rubber with polymer parts and run pure biodiesel.
Biodiesel Stability & Shelf Life

You probably don't stop to think about it, but all fuels have a shelf life that depends on their chemical composition and storage conditions. The chemical stability of biodiesel depends on the oil from which it was derived. Biodiesel from oils that naturally contain the antioxidant tocopherol or vitamin E (e.g., rapeseed oil) remain usable longer than biodiesel from other types of vegetable oils. According to at least one source stability is noticeably diminished after 10 days and the fuel may be unusable after 2 months. Temperature also affects fuel stability in that excessive temperatures may denature the fuel.

2009-02-19T14:09:00.000-08:00

Another Silverware to Ronald

2009-02-19T13:57:00.000-08:00

Another Silverware to Ronaldo
Posted October 28th, 2008 by drvynum in Player Reviews, Player of the Month

There’s no award that Ronaldo has left out this year and this one had no way to snatch out of his hand.United’s Crisitiano Ronaldo has been named as Fifa Pro Footballer of the year after beating the list of 54 veterans who were one of the strongest in their team.

The list consists of 55 players including fellow team mates Wayne Rooney and Rio Ferdinand.The Fifa Pro Organization consists of about more than 57000 members and it was the majority who voted Ronaldo as the winner.

His last season play of 42 goals lead United to win Premier League and CL trophy,also beating G.Best record of most goals in one season.

Ronaldo is also the possible candidate to win this year’s Fifa World Player of the Year award and the Ballon d’Or.

A team of 11 players was also selected by FIFAPro community after picking players from different divisions.Rio Ferdinand and C.Ronaldo were the ones representing United.

Goalkeeper: Iker Casillas (Spain/Real Madrid)

Defenders: Sergio Ramos (Spain/Real Madrid); John Terry (England/Chelsea); Carles Puyol (Spain/ Barcelona); Rio Ferdinand (England/Manchester United)

Midfielders: Steven Gerrard (England/Liverpool); Xavi (Spain/Barcelona); Kaka (Brazil/AC Milan).

Forwards: Lionel Messi (Argentina/Barcelona); Fernando Torres (Spain/Liverpool); Cristiano Ronaldo (Portugal/Manchester United)

Jin Online!!!!!

2009-02-18T08:05:00.000-08:00

online game terbaru yang aku sedang mencuba....hehehe nk try???gme ni mcm best la plk aku tgk....mcm digimon tp online...best la tu kte bela mntg tu then ble dh bsa bleh lawan online dgn org kt satu dunia yg main game ni jgk...hahaha

22nd Aina's Birthday....:)

2009-01-31T18:16:00.000-08:00

Hihihi....esok hari lahir syg aku yg ke-22.Dh msuk umur 22dh syg aku...eerrrm ni bday yg ke 4 since ktorg declare...mcm xcye j..lme 2.Ok kte start 1 p'satu ok..

19th Aina's Birthday (02-02-06)
1st bday dye mse kt matrik..mse 2 nk jmpe pn sgan2 lgi...hihihi kelakar la plk ble ingat blik.Mse ni jpe just bg hadiah j..mle2 mmg r...xpnas lg, byk knangan ktorg start dr matrik even aku dh knal dye since sekolah mse form 5 sbg budak baru kt skolah bukit tunggal la ktakn...hehehe sayakn pemalu...kt matrik bru lah smpai hajat aku yg t'buku kt hati...aiseh jwang la plk.

Ni pearl aku bli dr Sabah...ni la 1st adiah bday tuk Aina...

Lawakan???

20th Aina's Birthday (02-02-07)
Lepas mencipta kenagan kat matrik ktorg trus mlgkah mju kehadapan smpai msuk U.dye kt UKM amek Oleochemical n aku plk kt UPM amek Chemical Engineering....huh lbih krang sme gk la 2...2-2 chemi..hihihi mle2 dpt tau msuk U aku rse tkut jgk yela U lain2....lgpn aku xpnah jln jauh aku pown x tau lg yg sbnarye UKM ngan UPM just terpisah ngan stesen kajang j...kre dkat la 2...tp klu jln kaki mau semput gk...so kne naik komuter la ok...mse kt matrik dkat kt U dh jauh2....huhuhu even mcm 2 nk dpendekkan story kami still b'tahan...yela aku syg sgt kt dye beb...dye pown mcm 2...2yg b'tahan smpai sekarang...hebat x????errrm eh dh lari dari tajuk plk...ok kte smbung blik psl bday....eeemmm bday dye yg k-20 ktorg buat kt MidValley...smua org tau kt mne kn...klu dr UKM naik komuter RM3.20, klu dr Serdang plk RM 1.50 ha....bday ni kre yg gmpak gk la...aku cite kt kwn2 aku smua mcm tpgun...hahaha knp????citenye mcm ni...bday ni aku celebrate kt Pizza kt tingkat bawah dpan careffour...tau kan...aku dh bli kek siap2 dh...then msuk kt Pizza...then bkak lerrr kotak kek kn...hehehe nk nyalakan lilin xd lighter plk...yela aku ni xmkn asap...huhuhu...ttbe dtg plk mamat pizza sorg nih...tnye eh ad lighter x????aku pown dgn slmba badak lerr jwb xd....oh xp2...fuhh nk djadikan citer dye tlg cari lighter n dengan slemberrrr jgk dye pgil smua mamat2 n minah2 pizza 2 tuk nyanyi lgu bday tuk awek aku...fuhhh....sgan gk aku dbuatye....dhla org ramai kt c2...tp xp cya la kt korg smua..xsgka btul..thanks to all of u...mse ni jgk pizza ad buat promotion tuk velantine day so ad plk pizza btuk heart aku pown order la pizza 2...so slain kek ad la Pizza n byk lg la...hehehe gmpak x???kt bawah ni ha gmbar2 yg comel...hihihi

Ni gmbar kek bday ke 20...hurm....

Ni plk heart pizza...hihi cute kn???

Ha yg ni plk mse nyanyi lgu bday...penyanyi import tau..

Mamat n minah pizza yg terbaik....thanks to u all....wa salute sama lu..

Tiupan halilintar...hehehe

kihkihkih...ni la aku mse mde2 dlu..

21st Aina's Birthday (02-02-08)
next bday yg k-21 aina...mse ni pown kre ok la jgk...nk tau ktorg celebrate kt mne???hhahaaaa...yg ni ktorg celebrate kt secret reciep....hehehe even xd kek bsa o org nyanyikan lgu bday tp agk romantik jgk la...kali ni ktorg order kek ais krim b'salut dgn coklat sbg hidangan...sdap...yumyumyum hehehe....

Kek b'salut coklat ngan ais...nyuminyumi...t'liur..

cincin bday...cute x????

Hepinye dye.....syg syg...

Ahhhh...bhagianya hdup.....

hihihi....

hepihepihepi ble trigt sme ni...esk dh nk msuk yg k-22 plk...eermm dlm pd mse yg sme aku plk ad exam 2 ari lg...aku pown xtau nk wk cmne...ermmm tp xp...even mcm mne pown kte tgk la nanti...hihihi Selamat Hari Jadi Sayang B......

The nuclear power option

2008-12-22T15:33:00.000-08:00

The nuclear power option
Malaysia experienced its first energy crysis in early 1973 when the price of crude oil quadrupled. It then realized the finiteness of it’s energy resources. The world reserves of fossil fuels (oil, coal and gas) are limited and there has been concern about their rapid rate of depletion. The Ministry Of Power , Technology and research then looked for new sources of energy independent from fossil fuel and nuclear power was recognized as the leading contender. The Ministry in 1975 planned to commission its first nuclear power reactor with a capacity of 1,800MW by 1990. The plan also stated that the projected distribution of installed capacity for the nuclear reactor was 5,000MW, contributing about 50% of the total power supply in the Peninsular Malaysia. However, when more oil and gas fields were discovered in off-shore Terengganu in 1980s the idea of developing nuclear power was then put in abeyance and finally it was postponed indefinitely by 1986.
When the current crude oil price increased steadily the interest in looking at nuclear energy as an option for electricity generation become alive. There were active discussions at various levels to build at least a 1,000MW power reactor. If the government decides to go nuclear now it will only be realized by 2020. The long lead time required is for training, capacity building, planning and research to ensure public health and safety.
Nuclear energy is derived from a nuclear fission reaction. The reaction occurs when a fissile nucleus such as a 235U or 239Pu nucleus is struck by a neutron. It splits into two smaller nuclei as fission products, releasing energy and neutrons in a process called nuclear fission. The neutrons trigger further fission which is then called chain reaction. In order to make use of the energy released the fission reaction must be carried out in a nuclear reactor. It is a device in which nuclear fission chain reactions are initiated, controlled, and sustained at a steady rate.
There are two types of nuclear reactor research reactor and power reactor. A research reactor is meant to provide neutrons for experiments and for working out the parameters for reactor design. It operates at a lower fuel burn-up rate while a power reactor is intended to convert nuclear power to electric energy. A power reactor operates at least at 1,000 times the fuel burn-up rate of a research reactor. Both reactors make use of fissionable heavy nuclides 235U or 239Pu as fuel.
Every fission produces about 200 mega electron volt (MeV) heat. One kilogram of 235U produces 23.7 million kilo watt hours (kWh) or this would supply 10 million watt (MW) for 2370 hrs or keeps a 100-watt light bulb lit for 25,000 years. This is the same energy as that of 20,000 tons of TNT. The fission of an atom of uranium liberates about 10 million times as much energy as does the combustion of an atom of carbon from coal. This is the attraction of harnessing nuclear energy for electricity generation.
This power plant consists of three major components: the reactor, turbine, and condenser. The reactor boils the water and the steam generated drives the turbine. After the turbine, the condenser cools the steam. In turn, external cooling water cools the condenser. The cooling pumps transport the water from the condenser tank back to the reactor tank. The electric generation parts are similar to conventional power station; the only difference is the use of the nuclear reactor to generate steam.
In nature the abundance of 235U is only 0.7% while 99.3% is 238U. As most nuclear reactors use 235U as fuel the concentration of 235U is increased through enrichment process which involves isotope separation. Isotope 238U does not undergo fission, instead it absorbs neutrons and becomes 239Pu which is fissionable and 238U is called fertile material. Other fertile material includes 232Th which can be converted to fissile 233U by neutron absorption. In many reactors the nuclear fuel is made up of both fertile and fissile materials so that the 239Pu and 233U isotopes can be recovered from spent fuel.
Operation
In a nuclear reactor it is impossible to fission all 235U present in the fuel assembly due to accumulation of fission products. Fission products affect the operation of reactors in many ways, one of which is the absorption of neutrons by fission products. The high yield fission product 135Xe is a neutron absorber and the presence of this product lowers the level of fission, and this effect is often referred to as xenon poisoning. Spent nuclear fuel need to be processed to recover the remaining 235U, 239Pu and to remove unwanted fission products. All fission products are radioactive but mostly short-lived while some remain radioactive for several hundred years. The challenge in nuclear power industry is to properly manage the radioactive waste.
Management of used or irradiated fuel also depends on radioactivity of fission products. Most fission nuclides have very short half-lives. After a decade, few nuclides remain radioactive. A very low yield nuclide 85K has a half-live of 10.7 years, and two other nuclides 90Sr and 137Cs have half-lives of 29 and 30 years respectively. There are no fission nuclides whose half-life lies between 30 and 105 years. Fission products with half-lives greater than 100 years with yields greater than 10-4 are 126Sn(1x105 y), 126Tc(2.1x105 y), 91Tc(1.9x106 y), 135Cs(3x106 y), 107Pd(6.5x106 y), and 129Tc(1.6x107 y). Long-lived fission products are less dangerous in term of radiation exposure.
Under the current convention spent fuels need to be processed by the fuel supplier to restrict the number of processing plant worldwide. This is a safety measure to stop nuclear weapon proliferation. Reprocessing and isotope enrichment technologies are controlled by the United Nations through the International Atomic Energy Agency.
Our neighboring countries are active in developing nuclear power, Japan, China, and India are actively developing both fast and thermal technology, while South Korea is developing thermal technology only. Fast reactor technology is for the production of fissile materials. Indonesia, Vietnam, and Thailand have planned to build their power reactor ahead of us.
The future of nuclear power generation very much depends on the cost of coal, gas, and fossil fuel, economic conditions, energy demands and public perception. However, burning fossil fuel increases CO2, a green house gas. Therefore, much scientific research is required to balance human demands of energy and their long-term survival.
By Prof. Sukiman Sarmani.(Deputy Vice Chancellor (Academic and Intenational Affairs), UKM.).

Rahsia Hajar Aswad

2008-12-22T01:22:00.000-08:00

Neil Amstrong telah membuktikan bahwa kota Mekah adalah pusat dari planet
Bumi. Fakta ini telah diteliti melalui sebuah penelitian Ilmiah. Ketika Neil Amstrong untuk pertama kalinya melakukan perjalanan ke luar angkasa dan mengambil gambar planet Bumi, di berkata : “Planet Bumi ternyata menggantung di area yang sangat gelap, siapa yang menggantungnya?.”

Para astronot telah menemukan bahwa planet Bumi itu mengeluarkan semacam radiasi, secara resmi mereka mengumumkannya di Internet, tetapi sayangnya21 hari kemudian website tersebut raib yang sepertinya ada asalan tersembunyi di balik penghapusan website tersebut.

Setelah melakukan penelitian lebih lanjut, ternyata radiasi tersebut berpusat di kota Mekah, tepatnya berasal dari Ka’Bah. Yang mengejutkan adalah radiasi tersebut bersifat infinite (tidak berujung), hal ini terbuktikan ketika mereka mengambil foto planet Mars, radiasi tersebut masih berlanjut terus. Para peneliti Muslim mempercayai bahwa radiasi ini memiliki karakteristik dan menghubungkan antara Ka’Bah di planet Bumi dengan Ka’bah di alam akhirat.

Di tengah-tengah antara kutub utara dan kutub selatan, ada suatu area yang bernama ‘Zero Magnetism Area’, artinya adalah apabila kita mengeluarkan kompas di area tersebut, maka jarum kompas tersebut tidak akan bergerak sama sekali karena daya tarik yang sama besarnya antara kedua kutub.

Itulah sebabnya jika seseorang tinggal di Mekah, maka ia akan hidup lebih lama, lebih sehat, dan tidak banyak dipengaruhi oleh banyak kekuatan gravitasi. Oleh sebab itu lah ketika kita mengelilingi Ka’Bah, maka seakan-akan diri kita di-charged ulang oleh suatu energi misterius dan ini adalah fakta yang telah dibuktikan secara ilmiah.

Penelitian lainnya mengungkapkan bahwa batu Hajar Aswad merupakan batu tertua di dunia dan juga bisa mengambang di air. Di sebuah musium di negara Inggris, ada tiga buah potongan batu tersebut (dari Ka’Bah) dan pihak musium juga mengatakan bahwa bongkahan batu-batu tersebut bukan berasal dari sistem tata surya kita.

Dalam salah satu sabdanya, Rasulullah SAW bersabda, “Hajar Aswad itu
diturunkan dari surga, warnanya lebih putih daripada susu, dan dosa-dosa

anak cucu Adamlah yang menjadikannya hitam.

Jami al-Tirmidzi al-Hajj (877)